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Major Surgeries

Urologic Disorders

What it is, when surgery is advised, what it typically costs, and what the alternatives are — before you decide anything.

Urological procedures encompass surgical interventions related to the urinary system in both males and females, as well as certain procedures involving the male reproductive system.

Symptoms

  • Pain in the back or lower abdomen
  • blood in the urine
  • frequent urination
  • urgency
  • and discomfort during urination.
  • weak urine flow

Common causes

  • Kidney stones or bladder stones
  • Infections

Surgical options

Costs are 2023 estimates from our network, for reference only — the hospital and surgeon set the actual charge, and you will see it before anything is booked.

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

₹50,000 – ₹2,50,000 · typically ₹1,50,000

This treatment is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a disorder characterised by prostate gland enlargement. TURP is a procedure that includes removing extra prostate tissue through the urethra with a specialised device.

Common questions

What Is Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) and Why Is It Performed?
Surgery known as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is used to treat the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition in which the prostate gland is enlarged. The urethra, the tube that delivers urine from the bladder outside the body, is surrounded by the prostate gland. Numerous urinary issues might result from the obstruction of the urine flow caused by an enlarged prostate gland.
How Does TURP Help Relieve Symptoms of Enlarged Prostate?
A resectoscope, a skinny tube with a wire loop, is introduced through the urethra during TURP in order to access the prostate gland. The extra prostate tissue that is creating the obstruction is then taken out using the wire loop. The tissue is removed by shaving and cutting, resulting in a wider urethra and improved urine flow. TURP successfully treats the annoying urinary symptoms brought on by an enlarged prostate, such as numerous urination episodes, urgency, nocturia (daily nighttime urinating), weak urine flow, the impression that the bladder is not emptying completely, and urinary retention. TURP assists in reducing these symptoms and enhances the general quality of life for those with BPH by restoring normal urine flow.
What Are the Benefits of TURP for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?
TURP has a number of benefits. The considerable reduction in BPH-related urine symptoms is one of the main advantages of TURP. BPH can significantly reduce a person's quality of life by interfering with their normal daily activities, sleep, and general wellbeing. TURP can improve a person with BPH's quality of life by reducing their urine symptoms. BPH can result in consequences such as kidney damage, urinary retention (inability to completely empty the bladder), urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and urine retention. By removing the obstruction and enhancing urine flow, TURP can resolve these difficulties and lower the risk of related issues.
Can TURP Improve Urinary Flow and Reduce Frequent Urination?
Yes, those who have benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition in which the prostate gland enlarges, can benefit from transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), which can increase urine flow and lessen frequent urination. Eliminating the obstruction brought on by an enlarged prostate and reestablishing a more regular and powerful urine flow are two of the main objectives of TURP. Urine can now pass more easily thanks to the removal of extra prostate tissue that was obstructing the urethra during the treatment. By eliminating the obstructive prostate tissue after TURP, urination can be initiated more quickly and easily, reducing urinary hesitation.
How Long Does TURP Surgery Take? Exploring Procedure Duration.
Several factors, including the size of the prostate gland, the intricacy of the process, the surgeon's experience, and the particular procedures used, might affect how long a Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) procedure takes. The procedure can typically last between an hour and two hours. It's crucial to keep in mind that the real time may vary based on the conditions of each individual.

Nephrectomy

₹1,80,000 – ₹5,00,000 · typically ₹3,40,000

One or both kidneys are surgically removed. Nephrectomy may be required as a result of kidney illness, cancer, severe kidney damage, or as part of a kidney transplant surgery.

Common questions

What is a Nephrectomy and Why is it Performed?
The main form of treatment for renal cell carcinoma, often known as kidney cancer, is nephrectomy. A radical nephrectomy (removal of the entire kidney together with surrounding tissues) or a partial nephrectomy (removal of the tumor while preserving the healthy kidney tissue) may be performed, depending on the stage and location of the tumor.
Types of Nephrectomy: Exploring the Surgical Options
There are different types of nephrectomy procedures, depending on the extent of kidney removal required and the specific medical condition. Nephrectomy procedures include radical, partial, robotic, laparoscopic, and donor nephrectomy.
What to Expect Before Surgical Nephrectomy?
Preoperative evaluation: To determine your general health and the status of your kidneys, you will go through a comprehensive medical evaluation that includes physical exams, blood tests, imaging scans (like a CT or MRI), and maybe more testing.
Planning the operation: The surgical team will go over the precise type of nephrectomy that is suggested for your situation, go over the process, and address any concerns or questions you may have.
Anesthesiologist consultation: If you're going to be under general anesthesia, you might meet with an anesthesiologist for a consultation who will go over your medical history, go over the anesthesia procedure, and answer any questions you might have.
What to Expect After a Nephrectomy?
Hospital stay: Depending on the type of nephrectomy, the patient's level of recuperation, and the lack of complications, the length of the hospital stay varies. The average length of the hospital stay is a few days to a week.
Following your surgery, the medical staff will keep an eye on your vital signs, the location of the incision, your kidney function, and your general health. You will be given instructions on how to take care of your wounds, follow any necessary follow-up appointments, and follow any activity restrictions.
After being released, you will continue to heal at home. It is essential to adhere to all post-operative recommendations, which include managing pain with prescribed drugs, gradually increasing activity levels, and keeping the area surrounding the incision clean.
What are the Risks and Complications Associated with Nephrectomy?
Bleeding, infection, pain, discomfort, harm to nearby organs or structures, urinary difficulties, blood clots, and anesthesia-related concerns are a few possible dangers and side effects of nephrectomy.

Urinary tract stone procedures

₹30,000 – ₹1,20,000 · typically ₹75,000

Urinary tract stones are treated with a variety of methods, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). These operations involve breaking down or removing kidney, ureter, or bladder stones.

Common questions

What are Urinary Tract Stones and How Are They Formed?
Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are hard, crystalline mineral and salt deposits that develop in the urinary tract and are also referred to as urinary tract stones. They may form in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, among other regions of the urinary system. Kidney stones are rather frequent and can be extremely painful and uncomfortable.
What Are the Symptoms of Urinary Tract Stones?
Urinary tract stones can cause various symptoms: Pain, blood in the urine (hematuria) is often present when urinary tract stones are causing symptoms, urinary urgency and frequency, painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, difficulty passing urine, nausea and vomiting, fever and chills.
How Are Urinary Tract Stones Diagnosed?
Typically, a medical history, physical examination, and a number of diagnostic procedures are used to diagnose urinary tract stones. The goal of the diagnostic procedure is to locate any stones, ascertain their presence, ascertain their size, location, and composition, and assess any difficulties that may be present.
What are the Treatment Options for Urinary Tract Stones?
The following are typical methods for treating urinary tract stones:
Observation and supportive measures: Small stones that are not producing serious symptoms or consequences can be handled with surveillance and supportive treatments. Increasing fluid intake to encourage stone passage, managing pain with over-the-counter or prescription drugs, and routine monitoring to make sure the stone doesn't expand or cause problems are typical components of this strategy.
Medication: Particular drugs can be used to treat or manage certain types of stones.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): This minimally invasive technique employs shock waves to shatter bigger stones into smaller ones that can flow more easily in urine.
Can Urinary Tract Stones Recur After Treatment?
Yes, even after therapy, urinary tract stones can come back. For people who have previously had urinary tract stones, the return of stones is a typical worry. The underlying reasons of stone formation, lifestyle choices, and commitment to preventive treatments are some of the variables that affect the chance of stone recurrence.
What are some reasons why stones can recur?
The following are some causes of stone recurrence:
Urinary tract infections, certain metabolic problems, and medical illnesses including hypercalciuria (high calcium in the urine), hyperoxaluria (excessive oxalate in the urine), can all contribute to the development of urinary tract stones. The chance of stone recurrence can rise if these underlying diseases are not properly treated.
After stone treatment, healthcare providers typically recommend lifestyle modifications and dietary changes to prevent stone recurrence.
Failure to follow these preventive measures can increase the risk of stone formation and recurrence.

Cystoscopy

₹30,000 – ₹80,000 · typically ₹54,000

It is a process that involves inserting a cystoscope, which is a thin tube containing a camera, into the urethra to visualise the bladder and urethra. Cystoscopy is used to identify and treat bladder infections, stones, urine incontinence, and bladder tumours.

Common questions

What Is a Cystoscopy?
A cystoscopy is a medical technique that involves seeing within the bladder and urethra using a cystoscope, a small, flexible tube with a light and a camera. The procedure enables the medical professional to see the urinary tract and identify or treat a number of diseases.
Why Is Cystoscopy Performed?
A cystoscopy may be performed to identify the cause of your urinary problems, such as blood in the urine (hematuria), frequent urination, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, or chronic pain in the urinary system. Cystoscopy can be used to diagnose a wide range of bladder conditions, including bladder cancer, bladder polyps, bladder inflammation (cystitis), interstitial cystitis, and bladder diverticula (wall-outpouchings). Cystoscopy can be used to address medical conditions. During the process, several treatments may be carried out, such as the removal of bladder stones, treatment of bladder tumours or polyps, treatment of minute regions of bleeding or irritation, or dilation of strictures.
Is Cystoscopy Painful?
The majority of people endure a cystoscopy well, while it can occasionally be uncomfortable. Depending on factors including personal pain tolerance and the specifics of the operation, the degree of discomfort can differ from person to person.
A small tube called a cystoscope is placed into the urethra and progressed into the bladder during a cystoscopy. This insertion process could result in a slight discomfort or pressure feeling. The passage of the cystoscope into the urethra may cause a momentary burning or stinging sensation in some people.
Can Cystoscopy Help Diagnose Bladder Conditions?
Yes, cystoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating and diagnosing various bladder conditions. It allows healthcare professionals to directly visualize the inside of the bladder and urethra, providing valuable information about the structure and function of these organs.

How treatment proceeds

Preoperative Preparation: Before the procedure, you will go through a comprehensive assessment that may include a physical exam, a review of your medical history, urine and blood tests, and imaging investigations. Your doctor will give you guidelines for fasting before the procedure and perhaps suggest that you stop taking some drugs.

Anesthesia: TURP is often carried out under general anesthesia, so you'll be unconscious throughout. Alternately, spinal or epidural anesthesia could be administered to numb your lower body.

Insertion of the Resectoscope: While you are unconscious, a resectoscope will be introduced into your prostate through your urethra. The resectoscope is a little tube with a camera and light at the end that the surgeon uses to see the prostate and the tissues around it.

Removal of Prostate Tissue: The surgeon will cut away any extra prostate tissue that is obstructing the urethra using a resectoscope. Usually, an electric loop or laser is used to cut or vaporize the tissue. After that, the bladder is irrigated and the excised tissue is drained out.

Catheter Placement: A catheter will be put via the urethra into your bladder following the surgery to empty any remaining urine. To ensure that the wound heals properly and that urine can flow freely, the catheter will be left in place for a few days.

Recovery and Hospital Stay: Until the anesthetic effects wear off, you will be observed in a recovery room. After TURP, most patients stay in the hospital for one to two days, though the time may vary according on your particular situation.

Postoperative Care: You will be given painkillers as necessary while in the hospital and will be attentively watched for any complications. You will be taught how to handle any discomfort or urinary symptoms as well as how to care for the catheter.

Catheter Removal and Follow-up: The catheter will be withdrawn as soon as your doctor believes that you are prepared. Following catheter removal, you could experience some initial urgency and frequency, but this should pass. Your progress will be tracked, the effectiveness of the surgery will be assessed, and any issues or difficulties will be addressed during follow-up visits.

Recovery and Resumption of Activities: Each person's recovery period following TURP is different, however the majority of patients can anticipate an improvement in urinary symptoms within a few weeks. Following your doctor's recommendations for physical activity, lifting limits, and returning to your regular daily activities is crucial.

Non-surgical care

There are a number of non-surgical urological procedures and therapies available to treat different urological diseases. With the help of these non-surgical methods, urological issues can be treated without the need for invasive surgery. Here are some typical urological non-surgical procedures:

Medication: In urology, medication is routinely used to treat a variety of diseases. For instance, alpha-blockers can aid in relaxing the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck for illnesses like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and drugs like anticholinergics can be used to treat the symptoms of overactive bladder. Urinary tract infections can also be treated with antibiotics.

Kidney stone treatment using extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL): ESWL is a minimally invasive therapy. It entails breaking the stones into tiny pieces outside the body using shock waves so that they can exit the body through urine. Smaller kidney or upper urinary tract stones respond best to ESWL treatment.
A thin, flexible tube (ureteroscope) is inserted through the urethra and bladder to the ureter and kidneys during ureteroscopy, a minimally invasive technique. It is used to identify and treat a number of ailments, such as tumours, ureteral strictures, and kidney stones. Instruments can be inserted through the scope during ureteroscopy to remove or fragment stones, conduct biopsies, or treat other problems.

Transurethral Procedures: During transurethral procedures, the urinary tract is accessed through the urethra rather than through an incision. Examples include laser ablation treatments for various ailments and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for BPH and bladder tumours (TURBT) for bladder cancer.

Treatments for Interstitial Cystitis: Interstitial cystitis, commonly referred to as painful bladder syndrome, is a chronic condition of the bladder that can result in pain, frequency, and urgency when urinating. Interstitial cystitis may be treated non-surgically using drugs infused into the bladder, such as heparin or lidocaine, or with nerve stimulation methods, such as sacral neuromodulation.

Urodynamic Studies: Urodynamic studies are diagnostic examinations that evaluate the urine system's performance. These examinations can aid in the diagnosis of disorders like neurogenic bladder, urine incontinence, and dysfunctional bladder. Measurements of bladder pressure and urine flow rates are performed during distinct bladder filling and emptying phases during urodynamic examinations.

This page is general information about a medical condition, not a diagnosis or a recommendation to undergo surgery. Decisions about surgery should be made with a qualified doctor who has examined you.

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